Rodrik'in bahsettiği makalenin abstractı aşağıda:
National Cultures and Soccer Violence
Edward Miguel Sebastián M. Saiegh Shanker Satyanath
University of California,
Berkeley and NBER
University of California,
San Diego
New York University
April 2008*
Abstract: Can some acts of violence be explained by a society’s “culture”? Scholars have found
it hard to empirically disentangle the effects of culture, legal institutions, and poverty in driving
violence. We address this problem by exploiting a natural experiment offered by the presence of
thousands of international soccer (football) players in the European professional leagues. We
find a strong relationship between the history of civil conflict in a player’s home country and his
propensity to behave violently on the soccer field, as measured by yellow and red cards. This
link is robust to region fixed effects, country characteristics, and player characteristics (e.g., age,
field position, market value). Reinforcing our claim that we isolate cultures of violence rather
than simple rule-breaking or something else entirely, there is no meaningful correlation between
a player’s home country civil war history and regular (no-card) fouls earned or goals scored.